{"id":1939,"date":"2025-11-03T21:25:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T13:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/?post_type=epkb_post_type_1&p=1939"},"modified":"2025-11-03T22:14:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T14:14:35","slug":"%e5%a1%91%e6%96%99%e6%b3%a8%e5%a1%91%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%ad%e9%ab%98%e7%ba%a7%e5%9f%b9%e8%ae%ad%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e6%80%9d%e7%bb%b4%e5%af%bc%e5%9b%be","status":"publish","type":"epkb_post_type_1","link":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/?epkb_post_type_1=%e5%a1%91%e6%96%99%e6%b3%a8%e5%a1%91%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%ad%e9%ab%98%e7%ba%a7%e5%9f%b9%e8%ae%ad%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e6%80%9d%e7%bb%b4%e5%af%bc%e5%9b%be","title":{"rendered":"\u5851\u6599\u6ce8\u5851\u5de5\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u57f9\u8bad\u6559\u7a0b\u601d\u7ef4\u5bfc\u56fe"},"content":{"rendered":"


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\nMarkmap<\/title><\/p>\n<style>\n* {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n}\nhtml {\n font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji',\n 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';\n}\n#mindmap {\n display: block;\n width: 100vw;\n height: 100vh;\n}\n.markmap-dark {\n background: #27272a;\n color: white;\n}\n<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-toolbar@0.18.12\/dist\/style.css\">\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><br \/>\n<svg id=\"mindmap\"><\/svg><br \/>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/d3@7.9.0\/dist\/d3.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-view@0.18.12\/dist\/browser\/index.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-toolbar@0.18.12\/dist\/index.js\"><\/script><script>(()=>{setTimeout(()=>{const{markmap:S,mm:Q}=window,$=new S.Toolbar;$.attach(Q);const I=$.render();I.setAttribute(\"style\",\"position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:20px\"),document.body.append(I)})})()<\/script><script>((l,U,M,R)=>{const N=l();window.mm=N.Markmap.create(\"svg#mindmap\",(U||N.deriveOptions)(R),M),window.matchMedia(\"(prefers-color-scheme: dark)\").matches&&document.documentElement.classList.add(\"markmap-dark\")})(()=>window.markmap,null,{\"content\":\"《塑料注塑工（中、高级）培训教程》\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"上篇 塑料注塑成型基础知识 [1, 2]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"第一章 注塑成型原料 [2]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"塑料的组成 [2, 3]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"树脂 (基质材料, 占塑料总量 40%～100%，决定塑料基本性能) [3]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"5,6\"}},{\"content\":\"助剂 (添加剂, 改善成型加工性能和制品使用性能) [3]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"常用类型: 热稳定剂、光稳定剂、抗氧剂、填充剂、增塑剂、润滑剂 [3]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"7,8\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"6,8\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"4,5\"}},{\"content\":\"塑料的分类 [2-4]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"按受热性质 [3, 4]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"热塑性塑料 (反复加热软化、冷却固化) [3]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"10,11\"}},{\"content\":\"热固性塑料 (加热固化后不能再软化、熔融) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"11,12\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"9,12\"}},{\"content\":\"按使用性能和用途 [4]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"通用塑料 (性能一般、产量大、价格低) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"13,14\"}},{\"content\":\"工程塑料 (较高力学性能, 用于力学构件) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"14,15\"}},{\"content\":\"功能塑料 (具有特种功能，如导电性、导磁性) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"15,16\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"12,16\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"8,9\"}},{\"content\":\"聚合物的结构与特性 [2, 4-9]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"聚合物的结构 [4]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"分子链结构: 直链、支链 (热塑性), 交联(网状)结构 (热固性) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"18,19\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"17,19\"}},{\"content\":\"塑料的特性 [5]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"相对分子质量的不均一性 [5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"20,21\"}},{\"content\":\"质量轻 (密度 0.9～2.3 g\/cm²) [5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"21,22\"}},{\"content\":\"隔热、绝缘性能好 [5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"22,23\"}},{\"content\":\"耐化学腐蚀性能优异 [5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"23,24\"}},{\"content\":\"具有良好的成型加工性能 [5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"24,25\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"19,25\"}},{\"content\":\"塑料的加工特性 [6, 7]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"可挤压性 (取决于熔体的剪切黏度) [6, 7]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"26,27\"}},{\"content\":\"可模塑性 (取决于流变性、热性能等) [7]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"27,28\"}},{\"content\":\"可延性 (用于生产薄膜、片材和纤维) [7]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"28,29\"}},{\"content\":\"可纺性 [7]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"29,30\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"25,30\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑成型过程中的结晶与取向 [8, 9]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"结晶 (影响密度、硬度、刚度、收缩率等性能) [8]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"31,32\"}},{\"content\":\"取向 (一维或二维空间有序，可提高拉伸强度等性能) [9]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"32,33\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"30,33\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"16,17\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑成型常用材料（部分列举） [2, 10-47]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"聚乙烯 (PE, 目前产量最大) [10]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"类型: LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE 等 [10]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"35,36\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 熔体黏度随剪切速率增大而下降，冷却速度较慢 [16]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"36,37\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"34,37\"}},{\"content\":\"聚丙烯 (PP, 非极性结晶塑料) [16, 48]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"类型: 等规PP, 间规PP, 无规共聚PP (PP-R) 等 [16, 17]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"38,39\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 高温下对氧敏感，熔体弹性大，冷却凝固速度快 [18]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"39,40\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"37,40\"}},{\"content\":\"聚氯乙烯 (PVC, 热敏性塑料) [19, 24]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 热稳定性差, 分解温度低，应严格控制成型温度 [23, 24]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"41,42\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"40,42\"}},{\"content\":\"聚苯乙烯 (PS, 无定型塑料) [25, 28]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"类型: 通用PS (GPS), 高抗冲击PS (HIPS), 可发性PS (EPS) [25]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"43,44\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 熔融温度范围宽, 流动性好, 固化速率快 [28]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"44,45\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"42,45\"}},{\"content\":\"ABS (通用工程塑料) [30, 34]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 易于吸湿需干燥, 熔体黏度适中，成型收缩率较低 [34]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"46,47\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"45,47\"}},{\"content\":\"聚碳酸酯 (PC, 冲击强度极高) [38, 49]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 熔体黏度高、流动性差，需高压注塑 [49]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"48,49\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"47,49\"}},{\"content\":\"聚甲醛 (POM, 高结晶性) [42, 50, 51]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑工艺特性: 结晶度高, 热稳定性差（不宜高于250℃），成型收缩率大 [43, 44]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"50,51\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"49,51\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"33,34\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"3,4\"}},{\"content\":\"第二章 注塑成型设备 [47]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑机的结构与选用 [47]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑机的结构组成 [52, 53]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑系统 (塑化、熔融、注射) [52]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"54,55\"}},{\"content\":\"合模系统 (固定、启闭、锁紧模具, 脱出制品) [53]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"55,56\"}},{\"content\":\"液压传动系统 [53]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"56,57\"}},{\"content\":\"电气控制系统 [53]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"57,58\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"53,58\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑机的分类 [53-56]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"按塑化和注塑方式: 柱塞式, 螺杆式, 螺杆柱塞式 [53, 54]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"59,60\"}},{\"content\":\"按外形特征: 立式, 卧式 (最广), 角式, 多模式 [54, 55]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"60,61\"}},{\"content\":\"按合模系统特征: 机械式, 液压式, 液压一机械式 (最常见) [56]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"61,62\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"58,62\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑机主要技术参数 [57-59]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑量 (反映加工能力, 不超过塑化量的 70%～80%) [57, 58]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"63,64\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑压力 [58]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"64,65\"}},{\"content\":\"塑化能力 [59]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"65,66\"}},{\"content\":\"合模力 (反映可加工制品大小) [59]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"66,67\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"62,67\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"52,53\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑系统的主要组成部件 [60]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"螺杆 (渐变型, 突变型, 通用型, 新型) [60]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"68,69\"}},{\"content\":\"机筒 (加料口, 外部加热器) [61]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"69,70\"}},{\"content\":\"喷嘴 (直通式, 锁闭式, 特殊用途喷嘴) [62-64]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"70,71\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"67,68\"}},{\"content\":\"液压与电气控制系统 [65, 66]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"液压系统 (提供动力, 控制压力、流量、流向) [65, 67]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"72,73\"}},{\"content\":\"电气控制系统 (控制动作程序, 温度, 压力, 速度) [66, 68]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"73,74\"}},{\"content\":\"安全保护装置 (机械、液压、电器双重保护) [69]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"74,75\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"71,72\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"51,52\"}},{\"content\":\"第三章 注塑成型工艺 [70]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑成型工艺过程 [71]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"成型前准备 [71]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"塑料原料的检验、着色、干燥 (热风、真空、沸腾床等) [71, 72]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"78,79\"}},{\"content\":\"嵌件的预热 [72]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"79,80\"}},{\"content\":\"料筒的清洗 (直接换料法, 间接换料法, 清洗剂) [73, 74]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"80,81\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"77,81\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑成型过程 (加料 → 塑化 → 注塑充模 → 压实与保压 → 模塑冷却) [74-78]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"81,82\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"76,77\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑成型工艺控制因素分析 [79]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"料筒温度 [79, 80]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"83,84\"}},{\"content\":\"喷嘴温度 (通常略低于料筒最高温度) [81]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"84,85\"}},{\"content\":\"模具温度 (影响外观质量和内在性能) [82]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"85,86\"}},{\"content\":\"塑化压力 (背压, 影响塑化质量和温度) [83]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"86,87\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑压力 (克服流动阻力, 压实补缩) [84]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"87,88\"}},{\"content\":\"保压压力 (压实、补缩，通常与注塑压力相等或稍低) [85]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"88,89\"}},{\"content\":\"时间 (充模时间, 保压时间, 冷却时间) [85, 86]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"89,90\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"82,83\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑成型制品的质量分析与检验 [87, 88]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"内应力 (由不平衡构象、不均匀冷却收缩等引起) [87]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"91,92\"}},{\"content\":\"收缩性 (分浇口凝固前、凝封后至脱模、脱模后三个阶段) [89]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"92,93\"}},{\"content\":\"熔接强度 (料流汇集处的力学强度) [90]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"93,94\"}},{\"content\":\"质量检验 (外观检验, 尺寸检验, 强度检验, 老化试验) [88, 91-93]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"94,95\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"90,91\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑制品的常见质量问题及解决方法 [94]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"欠注 (充填不足) [94]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"96,97\"}},{\"content\":\"溢边 (飞边) [95]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"97,98\"}},{\"content\":\"银纹 (水汽、降解、空气银纹) [96]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"98,99\"}},{\"content\":\"尺寸不稳定 [97]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"99,100\"}},{\"content\":\"凹痕 (局部收缩率增大) [98]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"100,101\"}},{\"content\":\"翘曲 (不均匀收缩) [99]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"101,102\"}},{\"content\":\"龟裂 (内应力过大或脱模阻力大) [100]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"102,103\"}},{\"content\":\"熔接痕 [101]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"103,104\"}},{\"content\":\"制品表面光泽不良 [102]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"104,105\"}},{\"content\":\"烧焦 [103]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"105,106\"}},{\"content\":\"冷料痕 [103]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"106,107\"}},{\"content\":\"黏模 [104]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"107,108\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"95,96\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"75,76\"}},{\"content\":\"第四章 注塑成型模具 [105]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑模的基本结构 [105]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"组成部分: 成型零件、浇注系统、导向机构、脱模机构、温度调节系统、排气系统、其他结构零件 [105, 106]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"110,111\"}},{\"content\":\"类型: 单分型面注塑模 (二板式), 双分型面注塑模 (三板式), 带侧向分型抽芯机构的注塑模 [107-109]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"111,112\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"109,110\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑模成型零件与浇注系统设计 [109, 110]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"型腔分型面设计 (分型面设在塑件断面轮廓最大的地方) [111, 112]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"113,114\"}},{\"content\":\"型腔数目确定 (考虑注塑量、锁模力、精度要求、经济性) [113, 114]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"114,115\"}},{\"content\":\"浇注系统设计 [110]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"主流道 (一般为可拆卸衬套) [110]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"116,117\"}},{\"content\":\"冷料穴 (储存前锋冷料，Z形、倒锥形等) [115]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"117,118\"}},{\"content\":\"分流道 (改变熔体流向，平衡式和非平衡式布置) [116]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"118,119\"}},{\"content\":\"浇口 (影响塑件质量，直接浇口、点浇口、潜伏浇口等) [117, 118]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"119,120\"}},{\"content\":\"排气系统 (排气槽、利用配合间隙) [119, 120]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"120,121\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"115,121\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"112,113\"}},{\"content\":\"脱模与抽芯机构 [121, 122]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"脱模机构类型: 推杆、推管、推件板、二级脱模、顺序分型机构 [121, 123-126]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"122,123\"}},{\"content\":\"侧向分型抽芯机构: 机动式 (斜导柱、斜滑块), 液压\/气压 [122, 127]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"123,125\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"121,122\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"108,109\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"2,3\"}},{\"content\":\"下篇 塑料注塑成型操作技能 [1, 128, 129]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"第五章 注塑机安全操作与维护 [129]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑机操作 [129]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"安全操作条例 (持证上岗, 检查安全装置, 严禁温度未达设定值时操作) [129, 130]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"128,129\"}},{\"content\":\"操作步骤: 开机前准备 (熟悉机器, 检查, 物料\/模具准备) → 开机与预热升温 → 机筒清洗 → 对空注塑 → 试模 → 正常生产 → 停机 [131-134]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"129,130\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑机参数设定 (开关模、注塑、储料(塑化)、脱模\/中子、温度设定) [135-140]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"130,131\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"127,128\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑机维护与保养 [141]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"日常\/定期维护 (机械润滑、安全装置检查、螺纹紧固、加热圈检查等) [141-143]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"132,133\"}},{\"content\":\"塑化部件的装拆及维护 (喷嘴、机筒、螺杆的拆卸、清理与保养) [144-147]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"133,134\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"131,132\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑机常见故障的诊断及处理 [148]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"液压系统常见故障 (系统振动、噪声大，压力\/动作异常，油温过高) [149, 150]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"135,136\"}},{\"content\":\"电气控制系统常见故障 (启动无动作、电流过大、继电器不吸合等) [151, 152]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"136,137\"}},{\"content\":\"电脑显示或操作故障 [153]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"137,138\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"134,135\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"126,127\"}},{\"content\":\"第六章 注塑成型模具的使用与维护 [154]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"模具装拆与调整操作 [154]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"模具安装前的准备工作 (模具、工具、注塑机参数、模板清理) [155, 156]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"140,141\"}},{\"content\":\"模具安装操作 (整体吊装步骤: 装吊环 → 吊起 → 定位 → 调整厚度 → 固定公\/母模 → 连接水路 → 调整参数) [156-158]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"141,142\"}},{\"content\":\"模具拆卸操作 (停机准备 → 拆卸水管 → 拆卸压板\/螺丝 → 吊离) [159, 160]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"142,143\"}},{\"content\":\"调模操作 (自动\/手动调模，低压锁模调整，高压启动调整，锁模终止调整) [161-163]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"143,144\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"139,140\"}},{\"content\":\"模具维护保养与故障处理 [164]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"模具维护和保养的措施 (配备模具履历卡, 检测跟踪重要零部件, 重视模具表面保养) [164, 165]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"145,146\"}},{\"content\":\"模具的保养方式 (日常、每周、每月、20万模次保养) [166, 167]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"146,147\"}},{\"content\":\"模具故障及处理 (解决途径: 明确维修对象，制订方案，零件维修，验收) [168, 169]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"147,149\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h4\",\"lines\":\"144,145\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h3\",\"lines\":\"138,139\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"125,126\"}},{\"content\":\"其他信息\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>编著信息<\/strong> [1, 2]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"编著：刘西文 [1, 2]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"151,152\"}},{\"content\":\"出版发行：文化发展出版社 [1]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"152,153\"}},{\"content\":\"出版时间：2016年1月第1版 [1]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"153,154\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"150,154\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>注塑成型技术发展方向<\/strong> [1]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"精密化 [1]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"155,156\"}},{\"content\":\"高效节能化 [1]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"156,157\"}},{\"content\":\"大型化 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