{"id":2012,"date":"2025-11-04T21:38:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/?post_type=epkb_post_type_1&p=2012"},"modified":"2025-11-04T21:38:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:38:19","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e6%b3%a8%e5%a1%91%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"epkb_post_type_1","link":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/?epkb_post_type_1=%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e6%b3%a8%e5%a1%91%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b66\u6ce8\u5851\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"


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\nMarkmap<\/title><\/p>\n<style>\n* {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n}\nhtml {\n font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji',\n 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';\n}\n#mindmap {\n display: block;\n width: 100vw;\n height: 100vh;\n}\n.markmap-dark {\n background: #27272a;\n color: white;\n}\n<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-toolbar@0.18.12\/dist\/style.css\">\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><br \/>\n<svg id=\"mindmap\"><\/svg><br \/>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/d3@7.9.0\/dist\/d3.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-view@0.18.12\/dist\/browser\/index.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/markmap-toolbar@0.18.12\/dist\/index.js\"><\/script><script>(()=>{setTimeout(()=>{const{markmap:S,mm:Q}=window,$=new S.Toolbar;$.attach(Q);const I=$.render();I.setAttribute(\"style\",\"position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:20px\"),document.body.append(I)})})()<\/script><script>((l,U,M,R)=>{const N=l();window.mm=N.Markmap.create(\"svg#mindmap\",(U||N.deriveOptions)(R),M),window.matchMedia(\"(prefers-color-scheme: dark)\").matches&&document.documentElement.classList.add(\"markmap-dark\")})(()=>window.markmap,null,{\"content\":\"科学注塑的实用方法 (A Practical Approach to Scientific Molding) [1]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"序言\/基础概念 (Preface\/Fundamentals)\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"作者：Gary F. Schiller [1, 2]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"3,4\"}},{\"content\":\"目标：帮助注塑技术员处理日常注塑环境中的加工问题 [2]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"4,5\"}},{\"content\":\"核心原则：一次只做一个调整，观察效果，无效则返回原始设置 [3]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"5,6\"}},{\"content\":\"科学注塑原则：有助于消除不必要的浪费和废品 [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"6,7\"}},{\"content\":\"注塑过程的三大主要组成部分 [4]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注塑单元 (Injection Unit) [4, 5]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"8,9\"}},{\"content\":\"锁模单元 (Clamping Unit) [4, 6]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"9,10\"}},{\"content\":\"模具 (Mold) [4]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"10,12\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"7,12\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"2,3\"}},{\"content\":\"1. 注塑单元：螺杆 (Injection Unit: Screw) [5]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>熔体准备 (Prepares the Melt)<\/strong> [5, 7]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"机械加热：来自摩擦或剪切，提供约80%的热量 [7, 8]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"14,15\"}},{\"content\":\"电加热：来自加热带，用于冷启动和维持温度，提供约20%的热量 [7, 8]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"15,16\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"13,16\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>熔体流动 (Flows the Melt)<\/strong> [5]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"注射速度设定点：影响材料的流变特性 (非牛顿行为) [9]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"17,18\"}},{\"content\":\"材料流动越快，材料越稀薄，流动越容易 [9]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"18,19\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"16,19\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>熔体加压 (Pressurizes the Melt)<\/strong> [10]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"由止回阀（Check Ring）实现，用于在注射时密封，防止塑料回流 [11]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"20,21\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"19,21\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>螺杆部分 (Sections of the Screw)<\/strong> [10, 12]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"进料区 (Feed Zone)：输送材料，开始压实和摩擦 [10, 12]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"22,23\"}},{\"content\":\"过渡或压缩区 (Transition or Compression Zone)：深化压实和摩擦，大部分加热工作在此完成 [10, 13]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"23,24\"}},{\"content\":\"计量区 (Metering Zone)：熔体应已熔化，准备好下一注射 [10, 13]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"24,25\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"21,25\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>长径比 (L\/D or Length\/Diameter)<\/strong> [14, 15]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"L\/D值过短可能导致未熔化的颗粒 [15]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"26,27\"}},{\"content\":\"L\/D值过长可能导致停留时间过长，塑料烧焦或降解 [15]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"27,28\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"25,28\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>压缩比 (Compression Ratio)<\/strong> [14, 16]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"定义：进料区螺纹深度除以计量区螺纹深度 [16]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"29,30\"}},{\"content\":\"低压缩比螺杆：1.5:1至2.5:1，适用于剪切敏感材料 [17]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"30,31\"}},{\"content\":\"高压缩比螺杆：3:1至5:1，适用于结晶材料 [17]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"31,32\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"28,32\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>注塑压力 (Injection Pressure)<\/strong> [14]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"也称增压压力或填充压力 [18]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"33,34\"}},{\"content\":\"目的：提供充足的压力，确保过程不会受到压力限制 [18]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"34,35\"}},{\"content\":\"设定点：应比转换压力高出150–250 psi [19]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"35,36\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"32,36\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>注塑保压\/时间 (Injection Pack Pressure\/Time)<\/strong> [20]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"用于完成填充过程，将塑料压实到型腔表面，以实现浇口密封和保持尺寸公差 [21]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"37,38\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"36,38\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>止回阀功能 (Non-return Valve Function)<\/strong> [20]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"允许塑料在螺杆旋转回退时流到螺杆前方，并在注射时密封截止 [22]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"39,40\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"38,40\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>减压\/回抽 (Decompression\/Pull Back\/Suck Back)<\/strong> [20]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"用于减轻螺杆前端的压力，有助于避免浇口或喷嘴滴料 (drool) [23, 24]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"41,42\"}},{\"content\":\"最小回抽距离是滑动环或滚珠的运动距离，通常建议增加0.250″或¼″作为起点 [25]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"42,43\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"40,43\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>螺杆旋转延迟 (Screw Rotate Delay)<\/strong> [26]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"最小需要 0.5 秒延迟，防止在保压\/持压阶段结束后金属与金属摩擦磨损止回环 [27]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"44,46\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"43,46\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"12,13\"}},{\"content\":\"2. 注塑单元：料筒 (Injection Unit: Barrel) [26]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>料筒<\/strong> [26]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"钢制腔体，容纳往复式螺杆，设计用于处理注塑相关的高压 [28]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"48,49\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"47,49\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>热电偶 (Thermocouples)<\/strong> [29]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"位于加热带之间，向HMI控制器提供钢材温度反馈 [30]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"50,51\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"49,51\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>加热带 (Heater Bands)<\/strong> [29]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"提供料筒热源，必须紧固以确保良好接触 [31, 32]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"52,53\"}},{\"content\":\"间距：加热带之间需留有间隙以消散多余热量 [33]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"53,54\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"51,54\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>磨损的料筒 (Worn Barrel)<\/strong> [29]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"可能导致缓冲不一致、恢复不良、污染或因泄漏的材料过度剪切而产生深色条纹 [34]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"55,56\"}},{\"content\":\"常见术语是“喇叭口”形状磨损 (bell mouthed) [35]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"56,57\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"54,57\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>进料口 (Feed Throat)<\/strong> [36]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"推荐温度在105°F到150°F之间，或尽可能接近材料干燥温度 [37]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"58,59\"}},{\"content\":\"避免使用冷水机水，以防止冷凝和吸湿 [38]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"59,60\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"57,60\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>料斗 (Hopper)<\/strong> [36]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：为进料口提供连续的材料流 [39]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"61,62\"}},{\"content\":\"质量流料斗 (Mass flow hoppers) 角度必须达到60度，以确保“先入先出” [40]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"62,64\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"60,64\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"46,47\"}},{\"content\":\"3. 锁模单元 (Clamping Unit) [6]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>液压式 (Hydraulic)<\/strong> [6]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"支撑在背板中心，外侧可能较弱 [41]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"66,67\"}},{\"content\":\"锁模吨位受模具温度影响较小 [41]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"67,68\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"65,68\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>肘杆式 (Toggle)<\/strong> [6]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"利用机械优势，支撑模板外边缘，中心较弱 [42]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"69,70\"}},{\"content\":\"锁模吨位极易受到模具温度影响 [42]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"70,71\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"68,71\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>弱点 (Weakness)<\/strong> [6, 43]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"任何机器最弱的点都是前模板中心区域 [43]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"72,73\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"71,73\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>单点调节 (Single Point)<\/strong> [44]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"通过指示器确保四个拉杆的夹紧力均匀，读数必须在0.002″–0.003″范围内 [45]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"74,75\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"73,75\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>模板变形 (Platen Wrap)<\/strong> [44]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"模具过小时模板试图包住模具，导致模板弯曲 [46]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"76,77\"}},{\"content\":\"为减少模板变形，模具必须覆盖拉杆内部空间至少三分之二 [47]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"77,78\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"75,78\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>计算锁模吨位 (Calculating Clamp Tonnage)<\/strong> [48]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"锁模力 (磅) = 气缸面积 × 夹紧气缸可用压力 [49]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"79,80\"}},{\"content\":\"锁模力 (吨) = 锁模力 (磅) ÷ 2000 [49]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"80,82\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"78,82\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"64,65\"}},{\"content\":\"5. 机器性能测试 (Machine Performance Testing) [50]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>后料筒区域优化 (Rear Barrel Zone Optimization)<\/strong> [50]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：确定实现最快螺杆恢复时间的最佳温度 [51]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"84,85\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"83,85\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>负载敏感性 (Load Sensitivity)<\/strong> [50]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"对比在模具中注射（负载）和在空气中注射（空射）的填充时间与转换压力 [52]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"86,87\"}},{\"content\":\"可接受范围：+\/- 4% [53]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"87,88\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"85,88\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>压力响应 (Pressure Response)<\/strong> [50]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：找出机器从转换到保压阶段后，压力何时稳定 [54]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"89,90\"}},{\"content\":\"压力骤降可能导致熔体前沿犹豫或冻结 [55]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"90,91\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"88,91\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>动态止回阀测试 (Dynamic Non-return Valve Test (FILL))<\/strong> [56]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"称量10次仅填充注射的零件和流道重量 [57]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"92,93\"}},{\"content\":\"可接受的百分比变化应小于3% [57, 58]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"93,94\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"91,94\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>静态止回阀测试 (Static Non-return Valve Test (PACK\/HOLD))<\/strong> [56]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"记录五次连续注射的缓冲结束位置 [59]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"95,96\"}},{\"content\":\"可接受的百分比变化应小于3% [60]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"96,97\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"94,97\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>注塑速度线性 (Injection Speed Linearity)<\/strong> [56]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：计算设定注塑速度与实际注塑速度的百分比差异 [61]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"98,99\"}},{\"content\":\"可接受范围：>5% (短期内10%可接受) [61]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"99,101\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"97,101\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"82,83\"}},{\"content\":\"6. 工艺开发测试 (Process Development Test) [56]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>吨位计算\/投影面积 (Tonnage Calculation\/Projected Area)<\/strong> [56, 62]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"投影面积是确定所需锁模吨位的关键 [62]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"103,104\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"102,104\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>粘度曲线 (On Machine Rheology Curve)<\/strong> [63]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：绘制速度和压力对塑料熔体粘度的影响 [64]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"105,106\"}},{\"content\":\"寻找曲线最平坦的部分来确定最佳注塑速度 (Optimum Velocity) [65, 66]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"106,107\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"104,107\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>浇口冻结\/密封 (Gate Freeze, Gate Seal)<\/strong> [67]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目标：确定需要多少塑料被压入模具以实现密封，即重量不再增加的点 [68, 69]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"108,109\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"107,109\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>冷却优化研究 (Cooling Optimization Study)<\/strong> [67]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：了解塑料温度对零件脱模效果的影响 [70]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"110,111\"}},{\"content\":\"零件必须冷却到低于热变形温度 (HDT) 才能脱模而不变形 [70, 71]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"111,112\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"109,112\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>压力损失研究 (Pressure Loss Study)<\/strong> [72]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"塑料从螺杆前端流经喷嘴、流道和型腔时会损失压力 [73, 74]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"113,115\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"112,115\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"101,102\"}},{\"content\":\"7. 塑料温度 (Plastic Temperature) [72]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>形态学 (Morphology)<\/strong> [72, 75]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"非晶态树脂 (Amorphous Resin)：分子链无结晶结构 [76]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"117,118\"}},{\"content\":\"半结晶态树脂 (Semi-Crystalline Resin)：存在结晶结构 [77]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"118,119\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"116,119\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>玻璃化转变温度 (Glass Transition Temperature, Tg)<\/strong> [78]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"分子停止自由运动，塑料恢复到固态或结晶态的温度 [79]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"120,121\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"119,121\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>熔体转变温度 (Melt Transition Temperature, Tm)<\/strong> [78]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"分子处于最松散状态，可以自由移动，塑料可流动的温度 [79]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"122,123\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"121,123\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>收缩 (Shrinkage)<\/strong> [78]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>各向同性收缩 (Isotropic Shrinkage)<\/strong>：沿流动方向和横向收缩量相同（多见于非晶态树脂） [80]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"124,125\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>各向异性收缩 (Anisotropic Shrinkage)<\/strong>：沿流动方向收缩量不同于横向（多见于半结晶态材料和填充材料） [80, 81]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"125,126\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"123,126\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>热流道 vs 冷流道 (Hot Runner versus Cold Runner)<\/strong> [82]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"冷流道优点：成本低，换色快 [83]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"127,128\"}},{\"content\":\"热流道优点：循环时间可能更快，消除流道浪费 [84]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"128,130\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"126,130\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"115,116\"}},{\"content\":\"8. 塑料流动 (Plastic Flow) [82]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>喷泉流 (Fountain Flow)<\/strong> [82]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"塑料流动时总是以喷泉流状态流动，中心流动，外层接触钢材时冻结 [85]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"132,133\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"131,133\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>计算流速 (Qp) (How to Calculate Flow Rate)<\/strong> [86]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"流速通常表示为 in³\/秒 或 cm³\/秒 [87]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"134,135\"}},{\"content\":\"计算公式涉及螺杆面积和填充阶段的线性行程 [88, 89]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"135,136\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"133,136\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>转\/截断位置 (Transfer\/Cut-Off Position)<\/strong> [90]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"转移方式：时间、位置、液压压力、型腔压力 [91, 92]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"137,138\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>位置<\/strong>是更一致的转移方式之一 [92]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"138,139\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>型腔压力<\/strong>是最一致的成型方式 [93]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"139,140\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"136,140\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>增压比 (Intensifying Ratio, Ri)<\/strong> [90]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目的：液压油在螺杆前端被放大或增强 [94]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"141,142\"}},{\"content\":\"计算方法：注射缸面积除以螺杆面积，或最大塑料压力除以最大液压压力 [94]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"142,143\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"140,143\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>压力受限过程 (Pressure Limited Process)<\/strong> [90]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"当机器依靠压力而非速度（注射速度）进行填充时发生 [95]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"144,145\"}},{\"content\":\"不允许材料适当剪切稀化，导致流动和填充不一致 [95]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"145,147\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"143,147\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"130,131\"}},{\"content\":\"9. 塑料压力：保压\/持压 (Plastic Pressure (Pack\/Hold)) [96]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>动态压力 vs 静态压力 (Dynamic versus Static)<\/strong> [96]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"动态压力：发生在第一阶段\/增压阶段，处于速度控制下 [97]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"149,150\"}},{\"content\":\"静态压力：发生在保压和持压阶段，处于压力控制下 [97]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"150,151\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"148,151\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>零件收缩 vs 型腔压力 (Part Shrinkage versus Cavity Pressure)<\/strong> [98]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"增加保压\/型腔压力，收缩率会降低 [99]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"152,153\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"151,153\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>溢料前的最大平均压力 (Maximum Average Pressure before Flashing)<\/strong> [98]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"钳位力 (磅) ÷ 投影面积 = 溢料前的最大平均压力 [100, 101]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"154,156\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"153,156\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"147,148\"}},{\"content\":\"10. 冷却 (Cooling) [98]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>湍流 vs 层流 (Turbulent versus Laminar Flow)<\/strong> [102]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"湍流是实现有效冷却所必需的（水在水通道内搅动） [103]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"158,159\"}},{\"content\":\"层流（水流平稳）会形成绝缘屏障，抑制有效冷却 [103]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"159,160\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"157,160\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>雷诺数 (Reynolds Number)<\/strong> [102]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"目标值：10,000，以确保实现湍流 [104]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"161,162\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"160,162\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>深度、直径和间距 (Depth, Diameter, and Pitch)<\/strong> [105]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"深度：冷却通道中心到零件表面的平均距离 (1.5D–2.0D) [106]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"163,164\"}},{\"content\":\"间距：冷却通道之间的平均距离 (3 × D) [106]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"164,166\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"162,166\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"156,157\"}},{\"content\":\"12. 工艺故障排除 (Process Troubleshooting) [107]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>黑点 (Black Specks)<\/strong> [107]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"常见原因：材料污染、加热带故障、材料降解 [108, 109]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"168,169\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"167,169\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>脆性 (Brittleness)<\/strong> [110]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"常见原因：材料中含有水分、熔体温度过高\/过低、焊缝\/弱结合线 [111, 112]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"170,171\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"169,171\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>烧焦 (Burns)<\/strong> [110]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"常见原因：填充速度过快、排气口清洁不良、转移位置不当 [113, 114]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"172,173\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"171,173\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>溢料\/披锋 (Flash)<\/strong> [115]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"原因只有两个：模具损坏或塑料压力大于锁模力 [116]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"174,175\"}},{\"content\":\"常见位置：顶针、分型线、镶件 [117]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"175,176\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"173,176\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>缩痕 (Sinks)<\/strong> [118]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"常见原因：注射量不足、设计不当（壁厚不均）、保压\/持压不足 [119, 120]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"177,178\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"176,178\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>翘曲 (Warpage)<\/strong> [121]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"原因：不均匀收缩（定向收缩、压缩收缩或拉伸收缩） [122]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"179,180\"}},{\"content\":\"常见原因：差异化模具温度、非均匀收缩、保压\/持压时间或压力不当 [123, 124]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"180,181\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"178,181\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>熔接线 (Weld Lines)<\/strong> [121]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"两个熔体前沿汇合处 [125]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"182,183\"}},{\"content\":\"增加熔体温度和模具温度有助于更好地结合 [125]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"183,185\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"181,185\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"166,167\"}},{\"content\":\"13. 设置表中重要内容 (What is Important on a Set-Up Sheet?) [126]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>塑料温度 (Plastic Temperature)<\/strong>：熔体温度、恢复时间、背压、注射量、装料延迟 [127, 128]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"186,187\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>塑料流速 (Plastic Flow Rate)<\/strong>：填充时间、仅填充零件重量、模具注射压力 [128, 129]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"187,188\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>塑料压力 (Plastic Pressure)<\/strong>：转换压力、保压压力\/时间、持压压力\/时间、浇口密封时间 [129, 130]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"188,189\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>塑料冷却 (Plastic Cooling)<\/strong>：入口\/出口冷却温度、冷却计时器、冷却流量、循环时间 [131, 132]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"189,191\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"185,186\"}},{\"content\":\"14. 常用转换系数和公式 (Conversion Factors and Formulas) [126]\",\"children\":[{\"content\":\"<strong>体积注射量 (Volumetric shot)<\/strong>：(螺杆直径² × 0.7854) × 螺杆行程 [89]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"192,193\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>实际速度 (Actual speed)<\/strong>：(注射量 + 回抽 - 转移) \/ 实际填充时间 [89]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"193,194\"}},{\"content\":\"<strong>最大分型线压力 (Max pressure at parting line)<\/strong>：(钳位力 \/ 投影面积) [133]\",\"children\":[],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"li\",\"lines\":\"194,195\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h2\",\"lines\":\"191,192\"}}],\"payload\":{\"tag\":\"h1\",\"lines\":\"0,1\"}},null)<\/script><br \/>\n<\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qua-blog-post-description\">Markmap<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"epkb_post_type_1_category":[92],"epkb_post_type_1_tag":[],"class_list":["post-2012","epkb_post_type_1","type-epkb_post_type_1","status-publish","hentry","epkb_post_type_1_category-markmap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/2012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/2012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2013,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/2012\/revisions\/2013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fepkb_post_type_1_category&post=2012"},{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laoni.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fepkb_post_type_1_tag&post=2012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}